A sample is placed in a balance inside a controlled atmosphere (e.g., nitrogen or air) and heated at a set rate. The weight is continuously recorded, revealing decomposition, oxidation, or moisture loss as a function of temperature. It's commonly used for analyzing thermal stability, composition, and moisture or solvent content in different industries especially pharmaceutical.

The sample and a reference material are heated or cooled at a controlled rate. The heat flow required to maintain the same temperature in both is measured. The phase changes can be exothermal (releases heat) or endothermal (absorbs heat). Thermal transitions like melting or crystallization result in differences in heat flow which are recorded. Commonly used for studying melting points, glass transitions, and phase changes. 

The sample and a reference material are heated at the same rate. Temperature differences between the sample and reference are measured to detect thermal events like exothermic (heat-releasing) or endothermic (heat-absorbing) reactions. Commonly used to investigate phase transitions, reaction kinetics, and thermal behavior of materials. 

Electrogravimetry is an analytical technique that measures the amount of a metal in solution by depositing it on an electrode through electrolysis. The electrode is weighed before and after the deposition, and the weight difference corresponds to the quantity of the analyte. This method is precise and widely used for analyzing metals like copper, silver, and nickel in mining, refining, and environmental monitoring.